Fig. 1 Fully developed axial velocity profile in eccentric annuli (top: ε = 0.1 , center: ε = 0.5 , and bottom: ε = 0.9 ) of aspect ratio γ = D i / D o = 0.5 . The velocity magnitude is normalized by the imposed bulk velocity, U ̂ , a... More about this image found in Fully developed axial velocity profile in eccentric annuli (top: ε = ...

Fig. 2 The eccentric annulus cross section is defined by the inner and outer tube diameters, D ̂ i and D ̂ o , respectively, and thetransverse offset distance c ̂ between the center of the tubes. The cross section illustrated here has an aspect rat... More about this image found in The eccentric annulus cross section is defined by the inner and outer tube ...

Fig. 3 Illustration of the grid for γ = 0.5 and ε = 0.5 with N r  = 35, N θ = 200 , and Δ L ̂ max / D ̂ o = 0.4 More about this image found in Illustration of the grid for γ = 0.5 and ε = 0.5 with ...

Fig. 4 Validation of computational method used in the present study by comparing dimensionless entrance lengths to those obtained by Poole [ 9 ] for concentric annuli. The solid line plots the correlation equation in Eq. (3) with n  =   1.6. ( a ) γ = 0.5 and ( b ) γ = 0.8 . More about this image found in Validation of computational method used in the present study by comparing d...

Fig. 5 Cross-sectional variations in normalized pressure, p z , (defined in Eq. (7) ) for Re = 200, γ = 0.2 , and ε = 0.7 , sampled at increasing distances downstream of the inlet More about this image found in Cross-sectional variations in normalized pressure, p z , (defined in Eq. ...

Fig. 6 Cross-sectional variations in normalized pressure, p z , (defined in Eq. (7) ) for Re = 200, γ = 0.8 , and ε = 0.7 , sampled at increasing distances downstream of the inlet More about this image found in Cross-sectional variations in normalized pressure, p z , (defined in Eq. ...

Fig. 7 Plots of azimuthal flow for Re = 200 and eccentricity ε = 0.7 . Plot ( a ) shows the normalized azimuthal bulk velocity, U ̂ x / U ̂ , while plot ( b ) shows a contour plot of u ̂ x / U ̂ extracted from the same plane from which ... More about this image found in Plots of azimuthal flow for Re = 200 and eccentricity ε = 0.7 . Pl...

Fig. 8 Plots of azimuthal flow for Re = 200 and eccentricity ε = 0.3 . Plot ( a ) shows the normalized azimuthal bulk velocity, U ̂ x / U ̂ , while plot ( b ) shows a contour plot of u ̂ x / U ̂ . More about this image found in Plots of azimuthal flow for Re = 200 and eccentricity ε = 0.3 . Pl...

Fig. 9 Plot of entrance lengths and entrance length correlations for four different geometries. The plot includes the entrance lengths from each simulation (filled dots), and the correlation function defined in Eq. (3) with three different exponents n . These are n  =   1.0 (dashed line), n  ... More about this image found in Plot of entrance lengths and entrance length correlations for four differen...

Fig. 10 Summary of the correlations C 0 and C 1 for entrance lengths as function of eccentricity for three different aspect ratios More about this image found in Summary of the correlations C 0 and C 1 for entrance lengths as funct...

Fig. 11 In bipolar coordinates ( η , ξ ) , the inner and outer walls of the eccentric annulus correspond to curves with fixed η = α and η = β , respectively, and ξ ∈ [ 0 , 2 π ] . The relation between rectangular and bipolar coordinates is here illustrat... More about this image found in In bipolar coordinates ( η , ξ ) , the inner and outer walls of ...

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of distinct wake regimes varying with gap ratio: ( a ) single bluff body wake regime, T / D  <   1.1–1.2 [ 2 , 16 – 18 ]; ( b ) bistable wake regime, 1.1–1.2 ≤  T / D  ≤   2.0–2.2 [ 1 , 18 , 19 ]; and ( c ) coupled wake regime, 2.0–2.2 <  T / D  <   4.0–4.... More about this image found in Schematic representation of distinct wake regimes varying with gap ratio: (...

Fig. 2 Synchronized vortices shed from two long side-by-side cylinders: ( a ) antiphase mode and ( b ) in-phase mode More about this image found in Synchronized vortices shed from two long side-by-side cylinders: ( a ) anti...

Fig. 3 Vibration modes of two long side-by-side cylinders: ( a )antiphase mode and ( b ) in-phase mode More about this image found in Vibration modes of two long side-by-side cylinders: ( a )antiphase mode and...

Fig. 4 Test setup showing a blowdown wind-tunnel and rectangular test section with two hot-wire anemometer (HWA) probes and a Pitot tube instrumented: ( a ) schematic, ( b ) velocity profiles in both x - and y -axis planes, and ( c ) mainstream turbulence More about this image found in Test setup showing a blowdown wind-tunnel and rectangular test section with...

Fig. 5 Variation of an isolated cylinder flapping displacement: ( a ) flapping angle variation with time and ( b ) variation of RMS flapping angle versus PZT plate voltage More about this image found in Variation of an isolated cylinder flapping displacement: ( a ) flapping ang...

Fig. 6 Wakes shed from a cylinder in isolation: ( a ) Strouhal number varying with Reynolds number and ( b ) effect of aspect ratio on Strouhal number More about this image found in Wakes shed from a cylinder in isolation: ( a ) Strouhal number varying with...

Fig. 7 Wakes shed from two long side-by-side cylinders showing Strouhal number that varies with gap ratio ( T / D ) for selected Reynolds numbers More about this image found in Wakes shed from two long side-by-side cylinders showing Strouhal number tha...